EXTRACTION OF STAR ANISE (Illicium verum) ESSENTIAL OIL BY OHMIC HEATED HYDRODISTILLATION

Abstract

This study is conducted to produce essential oil from star anise seeds (Illicium verum) by using ohmic heated hydrodistillation (OHD) and conventional hydrodistillation (HD) method. The aims are to compare the yield of essential oil obtained from the both methods and to analyze it. There are two parameters being emphasize, the method being used and the sample size. The oil yield percentage in HD method was a bit higher, 2.89% from OHD method which is 2.82%. Meanwhile, the grind star anise has oil yield percentage higher, 5.13% than star anise sample without grind. The total power consumption on OHD method was less, 1.639 kW compared to HD method, 2.928 kW. Meanwhile total power consumption in grounded star anise was less compared to star anise without grind which are 1.427 kW. The oil content left in star anise sample from HD method was less, 2.58% than star anise in OHD method, 2.61%. The grounded star anise sample, it has the lowest oil percentage left in the sample which is 1.585%. The Refractive Index, (RI) reading shown that the three oils produced has the same reading with star anise essential oil standard which are in the range of 1.5425 to 1.5525. The chromatogram on Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis shown that there are seven main compounds being identified which the highest percentage is trans-anethole with 46.08% followed by estragole, 7.47%, foeniculin, 1.99%, anisaldehyde, 1.82%, cis-anethole, 0.67%, α-terpineol, 0.51% and lastly linalool, 0.45%. trans-anethole, estragole, foeniculin, anisaldehyde, cis-anethole, α-terpineol and linalool.