Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity and Exercise among Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to systematically conclude the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: A search was conducted involving literature from 2010 until 2021 using health-related online databases such as PubMed Central, MedLine, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. The initial screening found 788 articles, but only four studies were included in the review after assessing the duplicates, titles, and abstracts. Pain, lack of motivation, knowledge and skills to do PA are the main internal barriers to PA, while cost, lack of facilities and support are the external barriers to PA. Perceived benefits of PA and accessibility are the main facilitators of PA after SCI. Results: The findings of this review highlighted the challenges in promoting participation in PA among individuals with SCI. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach may be required to develop strategies and make decisions to enhance long term participation in PA among individuals with SCI.