Haze Attenuation Rate Measurement and Analysis in Malaysia for the Range of 24 GHz to 30 GHz

Abstract

Haze is a frequent atmospheric phenomenon in many countries, particularly in Asia. As haze is mainly composed of dust and soot, there is a high possibility that haze particles are caused by millimetre wave attenuation. Particle scattering and absorption can be significant issues when implementing millimetre waves. This paper mainly focused on the case study of haze attenuation rate performance in several areas in Malaysia from 2015 to 2018 using the Double Debye formula. Results are analysed in terms of API values, size of the particles and particle concentrations—the lower the API values, the lower the particle concentration. Particles are classified into two sizes: 10 microns and 2.5 microns. The outcomes show that the size of haze particles is also important in causing attenuation in millimetre waves. Larger particles, such as PM 10 will pose more difficulties in implementing millimetre waves in a real-world scenario. Although haze typically causes light scattering, results show that it can also affect microwave links at higher frequencies.