Digital Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Controller for Closed-Loop Direct Current Control of an Electric Vehicle Traction Tuned Using Pole Placement

Abstract

Direct current (DC) series motors have a higher starting torque compared to other types of motors, and their power is in the kilowatt range. The standard speed is applied for electric vehicles (EVs) with a series motor, and four quadrants direct current chopper (FQDC) can cause jerk and slip during the start-up. DC control (DCC) is one of the solutions applied to FQDC to overcome this start-up problem. The DCC is the current control strategy that employs a lookup table with a predetermined reference current. The current has to be controlled in a closed loop with feedback. An inefficient feedback controller with wrongly tuned parameters can cause ripples in current and torque. This paper describes the modeling and the control of a proposed DCC using a PID controller with the pole placement technique. The system is tested using MATLAB/Simulink which shows that the current can be controlled using the digital PID utilizing the pole placement technique.