http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/756 2026-04-09T13:07:14Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/33329 Title: PHOTODEGRADATION PATHWAY OF BISPHENOL S BY TITANIUM DIOXIDE UNDER UVA IRRADIATION Authors: Fatinathan, Sharon; Siti Nur Hajar Mohamed Anuar; Balan, Tavamani; Perumal, Vikneswari; (UniKL RCMP) Abstract: Plastic pollution has emerged as a significant global challenge in recent years. It is estimated that 5-10% of the worldwide plastic production ends up in the oceans annually1. In 2020, Malaysia’s plastic consumption amounted to 148 thousand metric tons, with an annual per capita of 16.78 kg2. The “Malaysia Roadmap Towards Zero Single- Use Plastics 2018-2030” was introduced as a three-phase national plan to eliminate single-use plastics3. However, existing plastic waste can snowball into an environmental crisis, as plastic and microplastic waste release various additives during fragmentation. Among these additives, Bisphenol S (BPS) has been identified as an emerging pollutant with the potential to adversely affect humans and animals. Therefore, the removal of this analog from wastewater is essential. This study evaluated the effectiveness of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in photodegrading BPS in an aqueous solution under UVA light while elucidating the photodegradation pathways. Key photodegradation parameters, including the initial pH of the solution, photocatalyst dosage, and illumination period, were optimized. UV-visible spectrophotometer results showed that at an initial concentration of 5 mg/mL, complete photodegradation of BPS occurred within 180 minutes under UVA exposure. Kinetic study showed that the photodegradation process followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, with a rate constant of 0.0133 min-1. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified a single intermediate persisting in the solution after 180 minutes of photodegradation. However, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis detected four distinct photodegradation peaks and elucidated their formation pathways, revealing a complex degradation pathway. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the photocatalytic degradation of BPS using TiO2 under UVA irradiation. HPLC and LC-MS/MS analyses confirmed that while BPS undergoes significant degradation under UVA light in the presence of TiO2, its degradation products persist as intermediate in the solution. 2025-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/33328 Title: SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER EVALUATION OF NOVEL N2 ,N9 -BENZYLATED-β-CARBOLINEUM BROMATE DERIVATIVES Authors: Mazlin Mohideen; Nur Azzalia Kamaruzaman; Mohd Nizam Mordi; Sharif Mahsufi Mansor; (UniKL RCMP) Abstract: Peganum harmala L. is a medicinal plant traditionally used since ancient times due to its alkaloids rich in β-carbolines. Norharman is a naturally occurring β-carboline extracted from P. harmala L. that exhibits a wide range of biological, psychopharmacological and toxicology actions. In this study, ten novel β-carboline derivatives consisting of various aldehyde moieties at the C-1 position were synthesized from L-tryptophan via base-catalyzed reactions, followed by N2,N9-benzylated using various benzyl bromides. The prepared compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against Hela, HT-29, Hep G2 and K562 cell lines using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay or MTT assay. N2,N9-benzylated-β-carbolineum bromate derivatives 5a-e exerted promising anticancer activities compared to N2-benzylated-β-carboline derivatives, 4a-e. with compound 5c exhibited a broad spectrum of activity with an IC50 value lower than 20 uM against all the tested cancer cell lines. Additionally, all β-carboline derivatives displayed moderate antibacterial activities against tested bacterial strains. These findings highlight the potential of N2,N9-benzylated-β-carbolineum bromates as promising anticancer agents. 2025-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/32529 Title: From Classroom to Global Healthcare: English Language Motivation in Malaysian Nursing Education Authors: Auni Najwa Azman; Farah Ayuni Ramlan; Balbir Singh, Helvinder Kaur; (UniKL RCMP) Abstract: This study explores the motivation and attitudes of nursing students towards learning English, with a focus on understanding the factors that drive their engagement with the language in both academic and professional contexts. A total of 176 nursing students from Diploma and Undergraduate programs participated in the study by completing an online survey distributed through Microsoft Forms. The survey consisted of two sections: the first measuring intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for learning English, and the second assessing students‘ attitudes, including confidence, anxiety, and the perceived importance of English for their future careers. Results showed that nursing students are highly motivated to learn English, particularly due to its perceived utility in their future careers and academic success. The majority of students expressed a strong desire to improve their English proficiency for professional communication, understanding medical literature, and enhancing personal growth. However, some challenges were identified such as anxiety in speaking English and difficulty with medical terminology. These findings suggest that while nursing students recognize the importance of English, interventions to reduce speaking anxiety and increase engagement in language learning activities are necessary to further support their language development. The study provides valuable insights for educators on how to tailor English language instruction to better meet the needs of nursing students, enhancing both their academic performance and future employability. 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/32528 Title: Halal Integrity in Biotech-Driven Pharmaceuticals: Advancement and Quality Standards Authors: Sadanasamy, Sylvia; Sharipah Razali; Fatinathan, Sharon; Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin; (UniKL RCMP) Abstract: Halallan Thoyibban is a powerful product label that enhances the wholesomeness, quality, and integrity of any product. Halal is not just limited to eating and drinking but also encompasses earning a livelihood, dress code, and interactions with others. Therefore, the concept of halal extends beyond religious practices. Halal products promise safety, hygiene, quality, and efficacy as products have to meet the highest quality standards and rigorous regulations. These products are not only permitted for Muslims but also for non-Muslims to use. Biotechnology has emerged as the new frontier in pharmaceuticals ranging from the production of insulin using bacteria, gene editing, and genetically modified organisms. It has seen significant advancements in recent years that enables the production of high-quality and effective drugs. Growing with the latest advances in pharmaceuticals, many questions arise on whether these modern pharmaceuticals still abide by the promises of Halallan thoyibban and do what is called permissible and legitimate and is not contrary to God’s instructions. It is imperative to address the unspoken issues related to halal medicine as they have the potential to cause significant problems in the future. This review discusses the latest advancement of biotechnology in pharmaceuticals and how these pharmaceutical products comply with the promises of Halallan thoyibban. As there is a growing need for halal pharmaceuticals globally, this venture has to explicitly ensure that pharmaceutical products meet the highest standards of safety, efficacy, and quality. 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z