http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2422 2026-04-09T13:08:12Z 2026-04-09T13:08:12Z NOR DALILA BINTI AHMAD http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2657 2015-12-29T04:23:44Z 2013-07-16T00:00:00Z

Title: DEVELOPMENT OF PREBIOTIC FERMENTED GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA) DRINKS Authors: NOR DALILA BINTI AHMAD Abstract: The potential of different types of prebiotics which are inulin, gum arabic (GA), fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) to enhance the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fermented guava drink being investigated. Three LAB strains, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus casei were used in this study. The guava drinks prepared from guava, sugar and water, supplemented with 1% (v/v) probiotic and 6% (w/v) of different prebiotics each been fermented for 72 hour at 30oC in anaerobic condition. The fermented drink were then stored at 4oC for 14 days. Total viable count, pH, lactic acid content and degree Brix were determined. Sensory evaluation was performed involving 30 panelists to determine on consumer’s acceptability of prebiotic drink. It was found that gum arabic shows better microbial growth among all prebiotics with 7.58 ± 0.04 log10 cfu/ml while the lowest microbial population shows by FOS with 7.37 ± 0.23 log10 cfu/ml. The increase in LAB growth will lead to increase in lactic acid content which shows gum arabic increased of its titratable acidity from 0.05% to 0.19%. pH of all fermented drinks were decreasing in the range of 5.05 to 3.40 and IMO shows the higher reduction of pH from 4.72 to 3.94. Gum arabic shows higher total soluble solids with 16.4 oBrix which decreased to 13.15 oBrix. For the overall acceptance, the highest mean value is 5.13 obtained from guava drink supplemented with 6% (w/v) IMO. Results of this study indicated that the probiotics were capable in of growing well in sterilized guava drink supplemented with 6% (w/v) gum arabic and have a potential use as a prebiotic health food. Description: NOVEMBER 2012

2013-07-16T00:00:00Z AZMI BIN MUSA http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2656 2015-12-29T04:23:44Z 2013-07-16T00:00:00Z

Title: THE STUDY OF LANGMUIR ISOTHERM: THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CARBONIZATION TIME AND ADSORBENT MASS LOADING ON CARBON DIOXIDE ADSORPTION Authors: AZMI BIN MUSA Abstract: The adsorption of CO2 by using coconut shell to produce carbonaceous material as an adsorbent was investigated by using Langmuir Isotherm. This study has been conducted in order to fabricate a low cost of adsorbent material and to investigate the effectiveness of the coconut shell as adsorbent in adsorbing CO2 at different carbonization times and different adsorbent mass loading. From the experimental results, it was found that, the optimum amount mass loading and carbonization time shows the highest adsorption capacity at 10 gram adsorbent mass loading which at 1 hour carbonization time while 20 gram adsorbent mass loading at 2 hour carbonization time. At 10 gram mass loading, the values of Q0 and R2 are equal to 4.6296 and 0.993 while at 20 gram mass loading, the value of Q0 is equal to 2.0 and the value of R2 is equal to 0.9652 which is closest to 1 and follow the Langmuir Isotherm. Besides that, 10 gram and 20 gram mass loading have been determined as optimum mass because it gives the minimum amount of adsorbent used for the adsorption process but then give the maximum adsorption capacity of CO2. Therefore, it can be concluded that, the different adsorbent carbonization time and adsorbent mass loading have affected the CO2 adsorption process. Description: NOVEMBER 2012

2013-07-16T00:00:00Z MUHAMMAD AKHYAR BIN HJ ABDULLAH http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2655 2015-12-29T04:23:44Z 2013-07-16T00:00:00Z

Title: A STUDY OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) ADSORPTION USING COCONUT SHELL CHARCOAL AS ADSORBENTS Authors: MUHAMMAD AKHYAR BIN HJ ABDULLAH Abstract: The emission of greenhouse gases, such as CO2, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) has been increased dramatically so lately and exceeded far the pre - industrial values. Main factors that contribute to the increasing of those gases are burning of fossil fuels on industry, the usage on transportation, some resident uses and usage in agriculture. As the emission of these gases are becoming severe, it is now necessary to develop technology that will allow us to utilize fossil fuel while reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Among all these gases, CO2 is considered as the major contributor to the global warming. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a very cost effective technology that can reduce the CO2 level. Apart of that, various technology have been develop to capture CO2 which are absorption, adsorption, membrane and cryogenic processes. Among all these technologies, adsorption is considered as promising method for capturing CO2. However, its all depends on the characteristics of the adsorbent itself that must possesses high surface area, high porosity and micro porosity and easy to design pore structure. Regardless of that, this study have focused on the CO2 adsorption by using coconut shell charcoal as adsorbent. The adsorbent was produced at three different carbonization temperature which are 400, 500 and 600 . Result obtained shows that the best carbonization temperature for CO2 adsorption process is 500 and the best adsorbent mass loading was at 20 gram. From these result, it can be concluded that the carbonization temperature and adsorbent mass loading did effects the CO2 adsorption process. Description: DECEMBER 2012

2013-07-16T00:00:00Z UNIKL MICET http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2653 2015-12-29T04:23:44Z 2013-07-15T00:00:00Z

Title: MATERIAL AND PRODUCT TESTING Authors: UNIKL MICET

2013-07-15T00:00:00Z